Ideal Gas Law & PV Diagrams

Visualize isothermal, isobaric, isochoric, and adiabatic processes

An ideal gas obeys PV = nRT, where R = 8.314 J·mol⁻¹K⁻¹. The four standard thermodynamic processes differ in which state variable is held constant: isothermal (T constant, PV = const), isobaric (P constant, V ∝ T), isochoric (V constant, P ∝ T), and adiabatic (no heat exchange, Q = 0). The PV diagram area under each curve equals the work done by the gas.